Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 86 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{3/2} (a+b)^{3/2} d}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{\left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))} \]
2*a*arctan((a-b)^(1/2)*tan(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)/(a+b)^(1/2))/(a-b)^(3/2)/(a+b)^( 3/2)/d-b*sin(d*x+c)/(a^2-b^2)/d/(a+b*cos(d*x+c))
Time = 0.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 84, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\frac {\frac {2 a \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{\left (-a^2+b^2\right )^{3/2}}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{(a-b) (a+b) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}}{d} \]
((2*a*ArcTanh[((a - b)*Tan[(c + d*x)/2])/Sqrt[-a^2 + b^2]])/(-a^2 + b^2)^( 3/2) - (b*Sin[c + d*x])/((a - b)*(a + b)*(a + b*Cos[c + d*x])))/d
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.13, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.583, Rules used = {3042, 3143, 25, 27, 3042, 3138, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )\right )^2}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3143 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\int -\frac {a}{a+b \cos (c+d x)}dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {a}{a+b \cos (c+d x)}dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {a \int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (c+d x)}dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {a \int \frac {1}{a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3138 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 a \int \frac {1}{(a-b) \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+a+b}d\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{d \sqrt {a-b} \sqrt {a+b} \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))}\) |
(2*a*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a - b]*Tan[(c + d*x)/2])/Sqrt[a + b]])/(Sqrt[a - b]*Sqrt [a + b]*(a^2 - b^2)*d) - (b*Sin[c + d*x])/((a^2 - b^2)*d*(a + b*Cos[c + d* x]))
3.5.64.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*sin[Pi/2 + (c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{ e = FreeFactors[Tan[(c + d*x)/2], x]}, Simp[2*(e/d) Subst[Int[1/(a + b + (a - b)*e^2*x^2), x], x, Tan[(c + d*x)/2]/e], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b)*Cos [c + d*x]*((a + b*Sin[c + d*x])^(n + 1)/(d*(n + 1)*(a^2 - b^2))), x] + Simp [1/((n + 1)*(a^2 - b^2)) Int[(a + b*Sin[c + d*x])^(n + 1)*Simp[a*(n + 1) - b*(n + 2)*Sin[c + d*x], x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && LtQ[n, -1] && IntegerQ[2*n]
Time = 0.83 (sec) , antiderivative size = 114, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.33
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {-\frac {2 b \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) \left (\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) a -b \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b \right )}+\frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right ) \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}}{d}\) | \(114\) |
default | \(\frac {-\frac {2 b \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) \left (\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) a -b \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b \right )}+\frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right ) \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}}{d}\) | \(114\) |
risch | \(\frac {2 i \left (a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+b \right )}{d \left (-a^{2}+b^{2}\right ) \left (b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+2 a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+b \right )}-\frac {a \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}+a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right ) d}+\frac {a \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}-a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right ) d}\) | \(222\) |
1/d*(-2/(a^2-b^2)*b*tan(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)/(tan(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2*a-b*tan(1/2*d *x+1/2*c)^2+a+b)+2*a/(a-b)/(a+b)/((a-b)*(a+b))^(1/2)*arctan((a-b)*tan(1/2* d*x+1/2*c)/((a-b)*(a+b))^(1/2)))
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 320, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.72 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\left [\frac {{\left (a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} {\left (a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + b\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2}}{b^{2} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a^{2}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a^{4} b - 2 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (a^{5} - 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} + a b^{4}\right )} d\right )}}, \frac {{\left (a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \arctan \left (-\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right ) - {\left (a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left (a^{4} b - 2 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (a^{5} - 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} + a b^{4}\right )} d}\right ] \]
[1/2*((a*b*cos(d*x + c) + a^2)*sqrt(-a^2 + b^2)*log((2*a*b*cos(d*x + c) + (2*a^2 - b^2)*cos(d*x + c)^2 - 2*sqrt(-a^2 + b^2)*(a*cos(d*x + c) + b)*sin (d*x + c) - a^2 + 2*b^2)/(b^2*cos(d*x + c)^2 + 2*a*b*cos(d*x + c) + a^2)) - 2*(a^2*b - b^3)*sin(d*x + c))/((a^4*b - 2*a^2*b^3 + b^5)*d*cos(d*x + c) + (a^5 - 2*a^3*b^2 + a*b^4)*d), ((a*b*cos(d*x + c) + a^2)*sqrt(a^2 - b^2)* arctan(-(a*cos(d*x + c) + b)/(sqrt(a^2 - b^2)*sin(d*x + c))) - (a^2*b - b^ 3)*sin(d*x + c))/((a^4*b - 2*a^2*b^3 + b^5)*d*cos(d*x + c) + (a^5 - 2*a^3* b^2 + a*b^4)*d)]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 2470 vs. \(2 (70) = 140\).
Time = 34.66 (sec) , antiderivative size = 2470, normalized size of antiderivative = 28.72 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
Piecewise((zoo*x/cos(c)**2, Eq(a, 0) & Eq(b, 0) & Eq(d, 0)), (tan(c/2 + d* x/2)**3/(6*b**2*d) + tan(c/2 + d*x/2)/(2*b**2*d), Eq(a, b)), (-1/(2*b**2*d *tan(c/2 + d*x/2)) - 1/(6*b**2*d*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**3), Eq(a, -b)), (x/(a + b*cos(c))**2, Eq(d, 0)), (a**2*log(-sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + tan(c/ 2 + d*x/2))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2/(a**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c /2 + d*x/2)**2 + a**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) - 2*a**3*b*d*sqrt(-a/ (a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - 2*a**2*b**2*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + 2*a*b**3*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - b**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 + b**4*d*sqrt(-a /(a - b) - b/(a - b))) + a**2*log(-sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + tan(c/2 + d*x/2))/(a**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 + a**4* d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) - 2*a**3*b*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*t an(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - 2*a**2*b**2*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + 2*a*b**3 *d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - b**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 + b**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))) - a**2*log(sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + tan(c/2 + d*x/2))*tan(c/2 + d*x /2)**2/(a**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 + a**4*d*s qrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) - 2*a**3*b*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan( c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - 2*a**2*b**2*d*sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b)) + 2*a*b**3*d* sqrt(-a/(a - b) - b/(a - b))*tan(c/2 + d*x/2)**2 - b**4*d*sqrt(-a/(a - ...
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
Exception raised: ValueError >> Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(4*b^2-4*a^2>0)', see `assume?` f or more de
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 135, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.57 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, {\left (\frac {{\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {d x + c}{2 \, \pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor \mathrm {sgn}\left (-2 \, a + 2 \, b\right ) + \arctan \left (-\frac {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )\right )} a}{{\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} + \frac {b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{{\left (a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} + a + b\right )} {\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )}}\right )}}{d} \]
-2*((pi*floor(1/2*(d*x + c)/pi + 1/2)*sgn(-2*a + 2*b) + arctan(-(a*tan(1/2 *d*x + 1/2*c) - b*tan(1/2*d*x + 1/2*c))/sqrt(a^2 - b^2)))*a/(a^2 - b^2)^(3 /2) + b*tan(1/2*d*x + 1/2*c)/((a*tan(1/2*d*x + 1/2*c)^2 - b*tan(1/2*d*x + 1/2*c)^2 + a + b)*(a^2 - b^2)))/d
Time = 14.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 99, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.15 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx=\frac {2\,a\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,\left (2\,a-2\,b\right )}{2\,\sqrt {a+b}\,\sqrt {a-b}}\right )}{d\,{\left (a+b\right )}^{3/2}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{3/2}}-\frac {2\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{d\,\left (a+b\right )\,\left (a-b\right )\,\left (\left (a-b\right )\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^2+a+b\right )} \]